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s tandard p roduct pmc-sierra, inc. pm5945 -utp5 pmc-940202 issue 2. april 7, 1995 app_sapi_utp5 ______________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________ pmc-sierra, inc. 8501 commerce court , burnaby, bc canada v5a 4n3 604 668 7300 PM5945-UTP5 sonet atm physical interface application board for cat-5 utp
s tandard p roduct pmc-sierra, inc. pm5945 -utp5 pmc-940202 issue 2. april 7, 1995 app_sapi_utp5 ______________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________ i overview........................................................................................................................ 1 functional description....................................................................................... 2 daughterboard registers ................................................................................ 9 interface description .......................................................................................... 10 s/uni register address map .............................................................................. 17 receive drop side timing...................................................................................... 19 transmit drop side timing................................................................................... 22 characteristics....................................................................................................... 25 microprocessor interface timing characteristics ......................... 25 appendix a: pal equations .................................................................................. 29 appendix b: mechanical drawings ................................................................. 46 appendix c: material list ..................................................................................... 47 appendix d: component placement............................................................... 50 appendix e: schematics........................................................................................ 51 appendix f: layout notes .................................................................................... 52 appendix g: layout .................................................................................................. 58
s tandard p roduct pmc-sierra, inc. pm5945 -utp5 pmc-940202 issue 2. april 7, 1995 app_sapi_utp5 ______________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________ ii list of figures figure 1: receive functional timing.......................................................................... 19 figure 2: receive interface timing ............................................................................. 21 figure 3: transmit functional timing......................................................................... 22 figure 4: transmit interface timing ............................................................................ 24 figure 5: microprocessor interface read timing ..................................................... 26 figure 6: microprocessor interface write timing ..................................................... 27 figure 7: sapi_utp5 drawing .................................................................................. 30 figure 8: edge connector mechanical drawing...................................................... 30
s tandard p roduct pmc-sierra, inc. pm5945 -utp5 pmc-940202 issue 2. april 7, 1995 app_sapi_utp5 ______________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________ iii list of tables table 1: standard rom address and content........................................................... 5 table 2: sapi_utp5 rom address and contents.................................................... 6 table 3: protocol type .................................................................................................... 6 table 4: media type....................................................................................................... 7 table 5: capability field assignment ......................................................................... 8 table 6: ascii table ...................................................................................................... 8 table 7: edge connector pin description.................................................................. 12 table 8: s/uni register address map ........................................................................ 17 table 9: receive interface timing parameters ......................................................... 20 table 10: transmit interface timing parameters ..................................................... 23 table 11: characteristics............................................................................................... 25 table 12: microprocessor interface read access parameters ............................... 25 table 13: microprocessor interface write access parameters............................... 27
s tandard p roduct pmc-sierra, inc. pm5945 -utp5 pmc-940202 issue 2. april 7, 1995 app_sapi_utp5 ______________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________ 1 overview the PM5945-UTP5 (sapi-utp5) daughter board contains the pmc pm5345 s/uni- 155 (saturn user network interface) device, the cypress cy7b951 sonet/sdh serial transceiver (a clock and data recovery and clock synthesis device), and the cat-5 utp pmd in a complete cat-5 utp atm (asynchronous transfer mode) physical interface. the s/uni is an atm physical layer processor for a sonet sts-3c transmission system. this daughter board has been designed to mate with national semiconductor corporation's dp83300vk vicksburg eisa adapter motherboard to form a complete evaluation system. it is configured, monitored, and powered through a 100 pin edge connector that mates with the vicksburg motherboard. the motherboard provides all of the software and decoding logic necessary to directly access all of the registers on the sapi-utp5 board. the sapi-utp5 line side interface deploys the national semiconductor's dp83223 twisted pair fddi transceiver (twister) device plus some magnetics to couple signals to and from category 5 unshielded twisted pair (utp5) cables. the twister is capable of transmitting and receiving two-level (nrz) datastreams at 155.52 mhz. the output of the clock and data recovery unit, cypress sonet/sdh serial transceiver (cy7b951), is ac-coupled to the suni's bit serial input. on the transmit side, the suni's pecl data outputs connect directly to the cy7b951's serial input which buffers the data and outputs the data directly to the twister. on the receive side, the twister's receive section connects to the clock and data recovery section of the cy7b951 and uses the suni's bit serial input. the cy7b951 can mux the output data to the input of the pll and transfer back the recovered clock and data to the input of the s/uni for diagnostic purposes. the cables connect to the sapi-utp5 board via a rj45 jack. the sapi-utp5 drop side interface uses a 100 pin edge connector. the 22v10 plds transform the s/uni drop side signals to comply with the utopia like signals of the vicksburg motherboard. the receive drop side also incorporates an additional fifo as the internal 4 cell fifo of the s/uni device is insufficient to handle the latency time between burst cell reads by the r-fred device on the vicksburg motherboard.
s tandard p roduct pmc-sierra, inc. pm5945 -utp5 pmc-940202 issue 2. april 7, 1995 app_sapi_utp5 ______________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________ 2 functional description block diagram suni utopia edge connector interface tx line bit serial rx line bit serial dropside fifo interface rxd+/- cy7b951 txd+ txd- utopia interface rxc+ rxc- rxd+ rxd- txci+ txci- tx + tx - rx + rx - s d rin + rin- rclk+ rser+ rser- poclk piclk rser los generat e pin[7:0] gpin /lf i txd+/- rx fif o id rom tout + tout- tclk+ tclk- tser+ tser- pal clk i/ o i o o /loo p refclk+ refclk- 19.44 mhz osc rclk- twister & magnetics s/uni the s/uni is a monolithic integrated circuit that implements the sonet/sdh processing and atm mapping functions of a 155 mbit/s sonet sts-3c user network interface. it is the heart of the sapi-utp5 board; all traffic goes through the s/uni. on the line side, the s/uni transmits sonet frames through the line interface and receives frames from the line interface. on the drop side, the s/uni
s tandard p roduct pmc-sierra, inc. pm5945 -utp5 pmc-940202 issue 2. april 7, 1995 app_sapi_utp5 ______________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________ 3 sinks cells provided by the buffer interface and sources cells to the buffer interface. below, the s/uni is briefly described. the s/uni receives sonet/sdh frames via a bit serial interface, and processes section, line, and path overhead. it performs framing (a1, a2), descrambling, detects alarm conditions, and monitors section, line, and path bit interleaved parity (b1, b2, b3), accumulating error counts at each level for performance monitoring purposes. line and path far end block error indications (febe) are also accumulated. the s/uni interprets the received payload pointers (h1, h2) and extracts the synchronous payload envelope which carries the received atm cell payload. the s/uni frames to the atm payload using cell delineation. header check sequence (hcs) error correction is provided. idle/unassigned cells may be dropped according to a programmable filter. cells are also dropped upon detection of an uncorrectable hcs error. the atm cell payloads are descrambled. the atm cells that are passed are written to a four cell fifo buffer. the received cells are read from the fifo using a generic 8-bit wide datapath interface. counts of received atm cell headers that are erred and uncorrectable, and also those that are erred and correctable, are accumulated independently for performance monitoring purposes. the s/uni transmits sonet/sdh frames via a bit serial interface, and formats section, line, and path overhead bytes appropriately. it performs framing pattern insertion (a1, a2), scrambling, alarm signal insertion, and inserts section, line, and path bit interleaved parity (b1, b2, b3) as required to allow performance monitoring at the far end. line and path far end block error indications (febe) are also inserted. the s/uni generates the payload pointer (h1, h2) and inserts the synchronous payload envelope which carries the atm cell payload. the s/uni also supports the insertion of a large variety of errors into the transmit stream, such as framing pattern errors, bit interleaved parity errors, and illegal pointers, which are useful for system diagnostics and tester applications. transmit atm cells are written to an internal four cell fifo using a generic 8-bit wide datapath interface. idle/unassigned cells are automatically inserted when the internal fifo contains less than one cell. the s/uni provides generation of the header check sequence and scrambles the payload of the atm cells. each of these transmit atm cell processing functions can be enabled or bypassed. the s/uni is configured, controlled and monitored via the microprocessor interface on the utopia connector. for a complete description of the s/uni, please refer to pmc-sierra's pm5345 datasheet.
s tandard p roduct pmc-sierra, inc. pm5945 -utp5 pmc-940202 issue 2. april 7, 1995 app_sapi_utp5 ______________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________ 4 cy7b951 the cypress sonet/sdh serial transceiver is an integrated sonet clock and data recovery/clock synthesis device. the internal receive pll recovers a 155.52 mhz clock from an incoming nrz or nrzi data and re-times the data. the receive pll uses a 19.44 mhz reference clock to provide a 155.52 mhz clock in the absence of input data. the reference clock is also used to improve the pll lock time. the differential input data is re-timed by the recovered clock and presented as the pecl differential output data. the transmit section of the sonet/sdh serial transceiver contains a pll that takes a reference clock and multiplies it by 8 to produce a 155.52 mhz pecl differential output clock. the transmit pecl differential input pair are used to buffer the transmit pecl output of the s/uni. this input can also be muxed into the receive side pll for clock and data recovery (used for diagnostic purposes). twister the dp83223 twister device is capable of transmitting and receiving either two- level (nrz) or three-level (mlt-3) signals. it allows links of up to 100 meters of category 5 unshielded twisted pair (utp5) cable and consists of a transmit and a receive section. the transmit section of the twister contains a 100k ecl input buffer and a programmable current output driver. the programmable current output driver in this application is configured to output a current sourced nrz datastream. the transmit amplitude of the signal can be adjusted via an external resistor. the nominal output voltage is 1.0 volts peak to peak. an isolation transformer with 1:1 turns ratio plus a common mode choke is used to couple signals to utp5 cable. the receive section of the twister consists of a differential input equalization amplifier with signal detect circuitry, signal comparators with control logic, loopback multiplexer logic and differential 100k ecl output drivers. the equalization amplifier is set to the adaptive equalization mode. it incorporates a fixed nominal receive input reference and compares it to the nominal transmit output amplitude to approximate cable length and provide active compensation. the equalization amplifier is optimized for a line voltage of 1.4 volts peak to peak. thus a step-up transformer with 1:1.4 turns ratio plus a common mode choke is deployed to put the line signal into the optimum operating range of the twister's equalization amplifier. line interface the line interface consists of the twister connected to the cy7b951. to ensure that there is a clock in the absence of incoming signal, the differential signal detect (sd) outputs of the twister are used to select between the serial and parallel
s tandard p roduct pmc-sierra, inc. pm5945 -utp5 pmc-940202 issue 2. april 7, 1995 app_sapi_utp5 ______________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________ 5 mode of operation on the receive side of the s/uni device. in the normal mode of operation (good incoming signal) the s/uni device is in the serial mode and accepts clock and data from the high speed interface (rser is high). in loss of signal condition, the s/uni device is switched to the parallel mode and accepts data from the piclk and pin[7:0] inputs. the poclk is switched to generate the 19.44 mhz piclk. this technique also guarantees that the s/uni will generate a los indication when the twister loses incoming signal. this is achieved due to the cy7b951 not squelching the data in a loss of signal condition. the transmit line interface consists of the s/uni pecl transmit outputs that are buffered by the cy7b951 and then connected to the twister's transmit section. outgoing data on txo+/- pins is coupled to the line via a 1:1 turns ratio transformer. the receive line interface consists of a 1:1.4 step-up transformer coupling data from the utp5 cables to the rxi+/- pins of the twister. the received datastream is equalized and output by the twister to the cy7b951 which recovers the data and clock and relays the them to the s/uni via its pecl differential outputs. an 8 pin 8 position rj45 modular jack is used to connect to the utp5 cables. the unused pairs of cables are terminated via a resistor network to a common mode termination point. the center taps of the transformers are also terminated to the same point. the s/uni is configured for bit serial operation. the 155.52 mhz transmit clock source is synthesized by the cy7b951 from a 19.44 mhz oscillator. the receive clock and data recovery is supplied by the cypress cy7b951 device. if the loop back select is enabled on the cy7b951 the transmit data is muxed into the receive pll and the recovered clock and data are fed back to the s/uni device. the s/uni can also be configured for loop time operation. when configured for loop time operation, only a receive clock and data recovery device is required. utopia identification rom the upper 32 bytes of the address space is used by the utopia identification rom to hold the interface configuration information. table 1: standard rom address and content address function address function 0x1e0 protocol type 0x1e4-0x1eb 64 or 48-bit address 0x1e1 media type 0x1ec-0x1ef reserved 0x1e2-0x1e3 capability 0x1f0 -0x1ff manufacturer id, version
s tandard p roduct pmc-sierra, inc. pm5945 -utp5 pmc-940202 issue 2. april 7, 1995 app_sapi_utp5 ______________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________ 6 the following information is stored in the utopia identification rom of the sapi- utp5 board: table 2: sapi_utp5 rom address and contents address hex value address hex value 0x1e0 0c 0x1e4-0x1eb all 0's 0x1e1 01 0x1ec-0x1ef reserved 0x1e2-0x1e3 21 0c 0x1f0-0x1ff 50 4d 43 2d 50 4d 35 39 34 35 2d 55 54 50 35 20 protocol type : contains an identifier for the type of framing/protocol used on this phy interface. the sapi-utp5 board has 0x0c programmed into this location which specifies 155.52 mbps (sonet/oc-3) atm forum standard. the following values are defined: table 3: protocol type value framing type 0x00-0x03 reserved 0x04 44.736 mbps (ds-3) atm forum standard 0x05-0x07 reserved 0x08 100 mbps (4b/5b block coded) atm forum standard 0x09-0x0b reserved 0x0c 155.52 mbps (sonet/oc-3) atm forum standard 0x0d 155.52 mbps (8b/10b block coded) atm forum standard 0x0e-0xfe reserved
s tandard p roduct pmc-sierra, inc. pm5945 -utp5 pmc-940202 issue 2. april 7, 1995 app_sapi_utp5 ______________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________ 7 0xff undefined/unidentified protocol type media type: contains an identifier for the type of media used on this phy interface. the sapi-utp5 board has 0x01 programmed into this location which specifies a category 5 unshielded twisted pair (cat5-utp) cable. the following values are defined: table 4: media type value media type 0x00 category 3 unshielded twisted pair (cat3-utp) 0x01 category 5 unshielded twisted pair (cat5-utp) 0x02 shielded twisted pair (stp) 0x03 reserved 0x04 very low-cost multimode fiber (vlcmf, 150 m) 0x05 low-cost multimode fiber (lcmf, 500 m) 0x06 multimode fiber (mf, 2km) 0x07 reserved 0x08 single mode fiber (smf) 0x09-0x0b reserved 0x0c coaxial cable (coax) 0x0d reserved 0x0f undefined/unidentified media type capability: contains two octets which define the capability of the phy interface. the sapi- utp5 board has 0x21 & 0x0c programmed into octets 1 & 2 respectively. the capabilities include: 1. txref, =1 when this interface supports the txrefb utopia signal.
s tandard p roduct pmc-sierra, inc. pm5945 -utp5 pmc-940202 issue 2. april 7, 1995 app_sapi_utp5 ______________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________ 8 2. rxref, =1 when this interface supports the rxrefb utopia signal. 3. txclav, =1 when this interface supports the txclav utopia signal. 4. rxclav, =1 when this interface supports the rxclav utopia signal. 5. txxon, =1 when this interface supports the txxon utopia signal. 6. ver[3:0], 4 bits utopia version number, value for this specification =1. 7. d16, =1 to indicate 16-bit datapath, 0 = 8-bit datapath. 8. hec, =1 to indicate the hec is carried in the udf(1) field. 9. hcs, =1 to indicate hcs is carried in the udf(2) field, for 16-bit mode only. 10. note "rsvd" stands for reserved. assignments of fields are shown below. table 5: capability field assignment rsvd hcs hec d16 ver[3] ver[2] ver[1] ver[0] octet 1 rsvd rsvd rsvd txxon rxclav txclav rxref txref octet 2 64 or 48-bit address: contains eight octets which define the 64 or 48-bit address of the phy interface. if a 48-bit address is used, the 2 most significant octets are zero filled. the address is stored in big-endian format (msb is in the ls address). the sapi- utp5 board has 0x00 programmed into this location. reserved: reserved for future expansion. manufacturer id, etc.: contains sixteen octets which identify the manufacturer of the phy interface. using the ascii character set (7-bit code) is encouraged. three octets of ascii representing the manufacture id and 13 octets of part number. table 6: ascii table m.s l.s 01234567
s tandard p roduct pmc-sierra, inc. pm5945 -utp5 pmc-940202 issue 2. april 7, 1995 app_sapi_utp5 ______________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________ 9 0 nul dle sp 0 @ p \ p 1 soh dc1 ! 1 a q a q 2 stx dc2 " 2 b r b r 3 etx dc3 # 3 c s c s 4 eot dc4 $ 4 d t d t 5 enq nak % 5 e u e u 6 ack syn & 6 f v f v 7 bel etb ' 7 g w g w 8 bs can ( 8 h x h z 9htem) 9 i y i y a lf sum * : j z j z b vt esc + ; k [ k cfffs, < l \ l | dcrgs- = m ] m esors. > n ^ n ~ fsi m s / ? o <- o del pmc- pm5945- utp5 50 4d 43 2d 50 4d 35 39 34 35 2d 55 54 50 35 20 daughterboard registers the sapi daughterboard has two write only register bits. one bit is a software reset bit and the other is a transmit loopbacd enable bit.
s tandard p roduct pmc-sierra, inc. pm5945 -utp5 pmc-940202 issue 2. april 7, 1995 app_sapi_utp5 ______________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________ 10 software reset the software reset bit is at binary address 1110xxxxx (the most significant bit is at the far left and the least significant is at the far right). the least significant 5 bits of the address are don't cares. writing a binary xxxxxxx1 to this address will hold the s/uni, the fifo, and the pals reset. writing a binary xxxxxxx0 to this address will remove the reset. the most significant 7 bits of data are don't cares. this is a write- only bit. a hardware reset removes the software reset. transmit loopback enable the transmit loopback enable bit is at binary address 1111xxxxx (the most significant bit is at the far left and the least significant is at the far right). the least significant 5 bits of the address are don't cares. writing a binary xxxxxxx1 to this address will mux the transmit output data going to the optics, into the inputs of the clock and data recovery pll. this is all done inside the cypress cy7b951 device. this allows a diagnostic loopback to be done at the cypress part to verify the connections and functionality between the cypress device and the s/uni device. writing a binary xxxxxxx0 to this address will disable transmit diagnostic loopback. the most significant 7 bits of data are don't cares. this is a write only bit. a hardware reset removes the transmit loopback enable (if it was set). interface description utopia interface the utopia interface makes the s/uni drop side receive and transmit signals compatible with the utopia 1.04 interface specification. it consists of two high speed 22v10 pals, two high speed idt74fct377c buffers, and a receive idt72201 clocked fifo. the 22v10 pals can be replaced with faster versions if you must run at a higher than 20 mhz txclk and rxclk clock signals. the transmit drop side interface is controlled by the atm layer through the edge connector. all the transmit signals from the atm layer change with respect to the txclk. all the input signals to the atm layer are sampled on the rising edge of the txclk. the s/uni device asserts the tca signal when it has a complete empty cell available. this signal goes to the pal (u17) and causes the txfullb signal to the atm layer to be de-asserted (high). the atm layer asserts the txclavb signal (low) when it has a complete cell of data to transfer to the phy device. the txenbb signal from the atm layer (vicksburg card) is the output of the txfullb signal from the phy layer gated with the txclavb signal from the atm layer. the way the txenbb signal goes active (low) depends on whether the atm layer is ready to send a cell of data before the phy layer becomes available to accept the data, or whether
s tandard p roduct pmc-sierra, inc. pm5945 -utp5 pmc-940202 issue 2. april 7, 1995 app_sapi_utp5 ______________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________ 11 the phy layer is ready to accept a cell of data before the atm layer is ready to send data. the case where the atm layer has a cell available for transmission before the phy layer is ready to accept the cell is handled as follows; the vicksburg card drives the tsoc signal active (high) and the txdata bus with valid octet byte zero coincident with the assertion of the txclavb signal, and waits for the txfullb signal from the phy layer to go inactive (high). when the phy device has a cell available, the txfullb signal goes inactive (high) and then the txenbb signal is immediately asserted (low) (after a delay through a gate). on the next rising edge of the txclk signal, the second byte of data is driven onto the txdata bus and the tsoc signal is de-asserted (low). the case where the phy layer is ready to accept a cell of data before the atm layer is ready to transmit the cell is handled as follows; the phy layer de-asserts the txfullb signal (high) and waits for the txenbb signal to go active (low). when the atm layer has a cell available for transmission, the txclavb is set active (low) on the rising edge of the txclk signal, and drives the tsoc signal active (high) and the txdata bus with valid octet byte zero . the txclavb signal sets the txenbb signal active (low) through a gate delay. in either case, the txdata bus is continually clocked into the first buffer (u18) by the rising edges of the txclk signal. the assertion of the txenbb signal enables the twrb signal to the s/uni device. on the falling edge of the twrb signal (rising edge of txclk) the data from u18 is clocked into the second buffer (u19). the clock signal to u19 is generated by the pal (inverted txclk). the atm layer updates the txdata with new data on the rising edge of each txclk signal while txenbb is asserted and the txfullb signal is de-asserted (high). if at the end of the current cell transfer, another cell is available (tca remains active), the txfullb will still be asserted (low) on the 51'st byte transferred. this is to accomodate the propagation delay of tca going inactive (low) at the end of a cell transfer and then being sampled by the pal (tca must be sampled as it can go active at any time). this will incur an extra clock delay per cell transfer. the txclavb signal goes inactive (high) for a minimum of two cycles per cell trasfer. there will be a 3 clock cycle delay per cell transfer as the txfullb and the txclavb overlap. the receive drop side interface is controlled by the atm layer through the edge connector. all the receive signals from the atm layer change with respect to the rxclk. all the input signals to the atm layer are sampled on the rising edge of the rxclk. the receive side incorporates a external fifo so that the s/uni device does not overrun due to the latency times between burst cell reads of the atm layer (vicksburg mother board). the s/uni device asserts the rca signal when it has a complete cell to transfer to the fifo. the rca signal goes to the receive pal (u16) and the pal asserts the write enables to the receive fifo. if the receive fifo is not full (/ff high), the
s tandard p roduct pmc-sierra, inc. pm5945 -utp5 pmc-940202 issue 2. april 7, 1995 app_sapi_utp5 ______________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________ 12 receive pal will start clocking the data from the s/uni into the fifo by generating the rrdb clock signal. the rsoc signal from the s/uni is inserted into bit 9 of the fifo data inputs. the fifo enables the /ff (active low fifo full) signal when it is full which disables further transfer of data from the s/uni to the fifo. if the fifo gets full, the s/uni will have transferred an indeterminate portion of a cell. the rest of the cell will get transferred as soon as the fifo de-activates the /ff signal. the receive pal uses the rxclk signal from the atm layer to generate the wclk signal going to the fifo and the rrdb clock signal to the s/uni. the wen going to the fifo is disabled while the /ff is active (low). while the fifo write enable is disabled, the clock going to the fifo is the same as the rxclk. this is done because the fifo /ff signal will not be disabled (high) untill it gets a rising edge on the wclk input. the rxemptyb signal comes from the receive fifo /ef (active low empty fifo) signal. the receive fifo de-asserts the the rxemptyb signal (high) upon reception of a single byte of data. on the next rising edge of the rxclk clock signal, the atm layer samples the rxemptyb signal and on the following rxclk clock signal, the atm layer activates the rxenbb signal (low) if it has an empty cell available. the rxenbb signal from the atm layer goes to the receive pal (u16) and to the read enable (/rden1) input of the receive fifo. on the next rising edge of the rxclk signal after the rxenbb signal goes active (low) the first byte of data is clocked out of the fifo along with the rsoc signal. the receive atm layer ignores the data until it sees a valid rsoc signal. once cell transfer has commenced, the atm layer expects a complete cell transfer. if the fifo is empty (rxemptyb is active) and then the s/uni starts to transfer data to the fifo, there might only be one byte in the fifo before the rxemptyb signal could go inactive (high). for the fifo to become empty, the s/uni must not have had any cells to transfer and therefore the first byte in the fifo would be the first byte of the cell along with the valid rsoc signal. since the rxclk clock signal is generating the write and read clock signals to the fifo as well as the read clock signal to the s/uni, the atm layer cannot read the data out of the fifo faster than the s/uni can write the data into the fifo. sapi board edge connector interface the sapi utopia edge connector interface includes all the signals required to connect the sapi board to a high layer protocol entity (i.e. a aal processor). cells can be written to the s/uni transmit fifo and read from the s/uni receive fifo using this interface. the edge connector is made up of a 100 pin dual line female connector is shown in table below. it consists of signals appropriate to read and write to the registers of the devices on the daughter board, and it provides the necessary power and ground. ttl signal levels are used on this interface. table 7: edge connector pin description
s tandard p roduct pmc-sierra, inc. pm5945 -utp5 pmc-940202 issue 2. april 7, 1995 app_sapi_utp5 ______________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________ 13 signal name type pin function gnd power 1 ground gnd power 2 ground txdat[0] txdat[1] txdat[2] txdat[3] txdat[4] txdat[5] txdat[6] txdat[7] i i i i i i i i 3 5 9 11 4 6 10 12 the s/uni is configured for the 8 bit fifo interface, txdat[7:0] corresponds to a cell byte. txdat[7] corresponds to bit 1, the first bit received. txdat[0] corresponds to bit 8, the last bit received. vcc power 7 +5 volts vcc power 8 +5 volts gnd power 13 ground txprty i 14 transmit data bus (txdat[7:0]) odd parity. not used txsoc i 15 transmit start of cell indication. identifies the first byte (word) of a cell on inputs txdat[7:0] gnd power 16 ground gnd power 17 ground txfullb o 18 active low signal from the phy to atm layer, asserted by the phy layer 4 cycles before it is no longer able to accept transmit data. txclavb i 19 active low signal from the atm layer to the phy layer, asserted by the atm layer when it has a full cell to transmit. gnd power 20 ground gnd power 21 ground txclk i 22 the transmit transfer/synchronization clock provided by the atm to the phy layer for synchronizing transfers on the txdata bus. (nominally at 20 mhz). txrefb i 23 transmit reference. input for the purposes of synchronization (e.g. 8 khz frame marker or sonet frame indicator). not used
s tandard p roduct pmc-sierra, inc. pm5945 -utp5 pmc-940202 issue 2. april 7, 1995 app_sapi_utp5 ______________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________ 14 gnd power 24 ground gnd power 25 ground txxon o 26 phy layer flow control. 1= xon, 0= xoff. asserted by the phy layer for normal transmission. deasserted by the phy layer when the atm link is experiencing congestion. the response of the atm layer to this signal is user defined. not used. txenbb 27 active low transmit signal asserted by the atm layer during cycles when the txdat contains valid cell data. gnd power 28 ground gnd power 29 ground rxdat[0] rxdat[1] rxdat[2] rxdat[3] rxdat[4] rxdat[5] rxdat[6] rxdat[7] o o o o o o o o 31 33 37 39 30 32 38 40 rxdat[7:0] corresponds to a cell byte. please refer to the s/uni datasheet for the byte cell data structure. rxdat[7] corresponds to bit 1, the first bit received. rxdat[0] corresponds to bit 8, the last bit received. rxprty o 34 receive data bus (rxdat[7:0]) odd parity. not used vcc power 35 +5 volts vcc power 36 +5 volts gnd power 41 ground undefined 42 rxsoc o 43 receive start of cell indication. identifies the first byte (word) of a cell on outputs rxdat[7:0] gnd power 44 ground gnd power 45 ground rxemptyb 0 46 active low empty signal to indicate that in the current cycle there is no valid data for delivery to the atm layer.
s tandard p roduct pmc-sierra, inc. pm5945 -utp5 pmc-940202 issue 2. april 7, 1995 app_sapi_utp5 ______________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________ 15 rxenbb i 47 active low signal asserted by the atm layer to indicate that the rxdat[7:0] will be sampled at the start of the next cycle. sampling occurs on cycles following those with rxenb asserted and rxemptyb deasserted. gnd power 48 ground gnd power 49 ground rxclk i 50 transfer/synchronization clock provide by the atm layer for synchronizing transfers on rxdat (nominally 20 mhz). rxrefb o 51 receive reference. output for the purposes of synchronization (e.g. 8 khz frame marker or sonet frame indicator). not used. gnd power 52 ground gnd power 53 ground rxclav o 54 receive cell available signal. active high signal from the phy layer to the atm layer, asserted to indicate that there is a complete cell available for transfer to the atm layer. rxflush 55 not used gnd power 56 ground gnd power 57 ground a[4] i 58 address bus bit 7. a[0] i 59 address bus bit 6. a[5] i 60 address bus bit 5. a[1] i 61 address bus bit 4. undefined 62 vcc power 63 +5 volts vcc power 64 +5 volts a[2] i 65 address bus bit 3. a[6] i 66 address bus bit 2. a[3] i 67 address bus bit 1. a[7] i 68 address bus bit 0.
s tandard p roduct pmc-sierra, inc. pm5945 -utp5 pmc-940202 issue 2. april 7, 1995 app_sapi_utp5 ______________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________ 16 gnd power 69 ground gnd power 70 ground d[0] i/o 71 data bus bit 0. a[8] i 72 address bit used to read the standard phy registers. d[1] i/o 73 data bus bit 1. d[4] i/o 74 data bus bit 4. gnd power 75 ground gnd power 76 ground d[2] i/o 77 data bus bit 2. d[5] i/o 78 data bus bit 5. d[3] i/o 79 data bus bit 3. d[6] i/o 80 data bus bit 6. gnd power 81 ground gnd power 82 ground prty i/o 83 data bus d[7:0] odd parity. not used. d[7] i/o 84 data bus bit 7. vcc power 85 +5 volts vcc power 86 +5 volts undefined 87 intb o 88 active low, open-drain interrupt signal. csb i 89 the s/uni active low chip select signal. gnd power 90 ground gnd power 91 ground rstb i 92 active low h/w reset. rdb i 93 active low read signal asserted to enable data from the addressed location onto the d[7:0] bus. gnd power 94 ground gnd power 95 ground rdy 96 not used
s tandard p roduct pmc-sierra, inc. pm5945 -utp5 pmc-940202 issue 2. april 7, 1995 app_sapi_utp5 ______________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________ 17 wrb i 97 active low write signal asserted to write data to the addressed location from the d[7:0] bus. ale i 98 address latch enable. when high, identifies that address is valid on d[7:0]. not used. gnd power 99 ground gnd power 100 ground
s tandard p roduct pmc-sierra, inc. pm5945 -utp5 pmc-940202 issue 2. april 7, 1995 app_sapi_utp5 ______________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________ 18 s/uni register address map the microprocessor interface provides access to the s/uni device registers via the 100 pin utopia connector. the s/uni address space extends from 00h to ffh. below is a list of the s/uni device registers. for further details, please refer to the "saturn user network interface device datasheet". table 8: s/uni register address map address register 0x00 s/uni master reset and identity 0x01 s/uni master configuration 0x02 s/uni master interrupt status 0x04 s/uni master clock monitor 0x05 s/uni master control 0x06-0x07 reserved 0x08-0x0b reserved 0x0c-0x0f reserved 0x10 rsop control/interrupt enable 0x11 rsop status/interrupt status 0x12 rsop section bip-8 lsb 0x13 rsop section bip-8 msb 0x14 tsop control 0x15 tsop diagnostic 0x16-0x17 tsop reserved 0x18 rlop control/status 0x19 rlop interrupt enable/status 0x1a rlop line bip-24 lsb 0x1b rlop line bip-24 0x1c rlop line bip-24 msb 0x1d rlop line febe lsb 0x1e rlop line febe 0x1f rlop line febe msb 0x20 tlop control 0x21 tlop diagnostic 0x22-0x23 tlop reserved 0x24-0x27 reserved 0x28-0x2b reserved 0x2c-0x2f reserved 0x30 rpop status/control 0x31 rpop interrupt status 0x32 rpop reserved 0x33 rpop interrupt enable
s tandard p roduct pmc-sierra, inc. pm5945 -utp5 pmc-940202 issue 2. april 7, 1995 app_sapi_utp5 ______________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________ 19 0x34 rpop reserved 0x35 rpop reserved 0x36 rpop reserved 0x37 rpop path signal label 0x38 rpop path bip-8 lsb / load meters 0x39 rpop path bip-8 msb 0x3a rpop p ath febe lsb 0x3bh rpop path febe msb 0x3c-0x3f rpop reserved 0x40 tpop control/diagnostic 0x41 tpop pointer control 0x42 tpop source control 0x43 tpop reserved 0x44 tpop reserved 0x45 tpop arbitrary pointer lsb 0x46 tpop arbi trary pointer msb 0x47 tpop reserved 0x48 tpop path signal label 0x49 tpop path status 0x4a tpop reserved 0x4b-0x4f tpop reserved 0x50 racp control/status 0x51 racp interrupt enable/status 0x52 racp match header pattern 0x53 racp match header mask 0x54 racp correctable hcs error count 0x55 racp uncorrectable hcs error count 0x56-0x5f racp reserved 0x60 tacp control/status 0x61 tacp idle/unassigned cell header pattern 0x62 tacp idle/unassigned cell payload octet pattern 0x63-0x67 tacp reserved 0x68-0x7f reserved 0x80 s/uni master test 0x81-0xff reserved for test
s tandard p roduct pmc-sierra, inc. pm5945 -utp5 pmc-940202 issue 2. april 7, 1995 app_sapi_utp5 ______________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________ 20 receive drop side timing receive functional timing figure 1: receive functional timing rxemptyb rxclk rxenbb rxsoc rxdata x p48 x h1 x h2 x x x x h1
s tandard p roduct pmc-sierra, inc. pm5945 -utp5 pmc-940202 issue 2. april 7, 1995 app_sapi_utp5 ______________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________ 21 receive interface timing table 9: receive interface timing parameters symbol parameter min max units rxclk frequency (nominaly 20 mhz) 20 mhz rxclk duty cycle 40 60 % ts rxdata rxdata[7:0] set-up time to rxclk 10 ns th rxdata rxdata[7:0] hold time to rxclk 1 ns ts rxsoc rxsoc set-up time to rxclk 10 ns th rxsoc rxsoc hold time to rxclk 1 ns ts rxclavb rxclavb set-up time to rxclk 10 ns th rxclavb rxclavb hold time to rxclk 1 ns tp rxenbb rxclk high to rxenbb valid 1 20 ns ts rxdata rxdata[7:0] set-up time to rxclk 10 ns th rxdata rxdata[7:0] hold time to rxclk 1 ns
s tandard p roduct pmc-sierra, inc. pm5945 -utp5 pmc-940202 issue 2. april 7, 1995 app_sapi_utp5 ______________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________ 22 figure 2: receive interface timing rxcl k rxdata[7:0] rxclavb rxenbb rxemptyb rxso c t p rxenbb t h rxemptyb t s rxemptyb t h rxdata t s rxdata t h rxsoc t s rxsoc t h rxclavb t s rxclavb
s tandard p roduct pmc-sierra, inc. pm5945 -utp5 pmc-940202 issue 2. april 7, 1995 app_sapi_utp5 ______________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________ 23 transmit drop side timing transmit functional timing figure 3: transmit functional timing txclavb txclk txenbb txsoc txdata h1 p48 h1 p4 7 txfullb h2 x h2 x h3 h1
s tandard p roduct pmc-sierra, inc. pm5945 -utp5 pmc-940202 issue 2. april 7, 1995 app_sapi_utp5 ______________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________ 24 transmit interface timing table 10: transmit interface timing parameters symbol parameter min max units txclk frequency (nominaly 20 mhz) 20 mhz txclk duty cycle 40 60 % tp txdata txclk high txdata[7:0] valid 1 20 ns tp txsoc txclk high txsoc valid 1 20 ns tp txclavb txclk high txclavb valid 1 20 ns tp txdata txclk high txdata[7:0] valid 1 20 ns tp txenbb txclk high txenbb valid 1 20 ns ts txfullb txfullb set-up time to txclk 10 ns th txfullb txfullb hold time to txclk 1 ns
s tandard p roduct pmc-sierra, inc. pm5945 -utp5 pmc-940202 issue 2. april 7, 1995 app_sapi_utp5 ______________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________ 25 figure 4: transmit interface timing txclk txdata[7:0 ] txclavb txenbb txfullb txsoc t p txdata t p txsoc t p txclavb t p txenbb t h txfullb t s txfullb
s tandard p roduct pmc-sierra, inc. pm5945 -utp5 pmc-940202 issue 2. april 7, 1995 app_sapi_utp5 ______________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________ 26 characteristics table 11: characteristics symbol parameter min max units test conditions v 5dc +5v dc power supply voltage 4.90 5.25 v i 5dc +5v dc power supply current 1.00 a v 5dc = 5.0 v + 5% t a ambient temperature 050 cv dc = 5.0 v + 5% microprocessor interface timing characteristics (t a = 0 c to +70 c, v dd = 5 v 10%) microprocessor interface read access table 12: microprocessor interface read access parameters symbol parameter min max units th ar address to valid read hold time 20 ns ts ar address to valid read set-up time 25 ns tp rd valid read to valid data propagation delay 80 ns tz rd valid read negated to output tri-state 20 ns tp inth valid read deasserted to intb high 50 ns
s tandard p roduct pmc-sierra, inc. pm5945 -utp5 pmc-940202 issue 2. april 7, 1995 app_sapi_utp5 ______________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________ 27 figure 5: microprocessor interface read timing (csb+rdb) intb tp intl ts ar th ar valid address valid data d[7:0 ] tp rd tz rd a[8:0 ] notes on microprocessor interface read timing: 1. output propagation delay time is the time in nanoseconds from the 50% point of the reference signal to the 30% or 70% point of the output. 2. a valid read cycle is defined as a logical or of the csb and the rdb signals. 3. when a set-up time is specified between an input and a clock, the set-up time is the time in nanoseconds from the 1.4 volt point of the input to the 1.4 volt point of the clock. 4. when a hold time is specified between an input and a clock, the hold time is the time in nanoseconds from the 1.4 volt point of the input to the 1.4 volt point of the clock.
s tandard p roduct pmc-sierra, inc. pm5945 -utp5 pmc-940202 issue 2. april 7, 1995 app_sapi_utp5 ______________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________ 28 microprocessor interface write access table 13: microprocessor interface write access parameters symbol parameter min max units ts dw data to valid write set-up time 20 ns ts aw address to valid write set-up time 25 ns th aw address to valid write hold time 20 ns ts dw data to valid write set-up time 20 ns th dw data to valid write hold time 20 ns tv wr valid write pulse width 40 ns fig . 6 microprocessor interface write timing th dw valid data d[7:0 ] a[8:0 ] (csb+wrb) tv wr ts aw th aw ts dw valid address notes on microprocessor interface write timing: 1 a valid write cycle is defined as a logical or of the csb and the wrb signals. 2. microprocessor interface timing applies to normal mode register accesses only. 3. when a set-up time is specified between an input and a clock, the set-up time is the time in nanoseconds from the 1.4 volt point of the input to the 1.4 volt point of the clock.
s tandard p roduct pmc-sierra, inc. pm5945 -utp5 pmc-940202 issue 2. april 7, 1995 app_sapi_utp5 ______________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________ 29 4. when a hold time is specified between an input and a clock, the hold time is the time in nanoseconds from the 1.4 volt point of the input to the 1.4 volt point of the clock.
s tandard p roduct pmc-sierra, inc. pm5945 -utp5 pmc-940202 issue 2. april 7, 1995 app_sapi_utp5 ______________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________ 30 appendix a: pal equations -- utopia interface pal u12 -- used to generate the los and chip select signals -- to the s/uni receive fifos use work.bv_math.all; -- necessary for inc_bv(); use work.rtlpkg.all; use work.cypres.all; entity los_cs_pal is port (poclk0, poclk1, csb, rdb, wrb, a8, a6, a5, rstb, a7, d0, sd: in bit; rser, csbo, loopb, prom_enb, brstb : out bit; piclk: inout x01z); attribute order_code of los_cs_pal:entity is "pal22v10d-10pc"; attribute part_name of los_cs_pal:entity is "c22v10"; attribute pin_numbers of los_cs_pal:entity is "poclk0:1 " & "poclk1:2 " & "csb:3 " & "wrb:4 " & "rdb:5 " & "a8:6 " & "a6:7 " & "a5:8 " & "rstb:9 " & "a7:10 " & "d0:11 " & "sd:13 " & "csbo:17 " & "loopb:18 " & "rser:19 " & "prom_enb:21 " & "brstb:22 " & "piclk:23"; end los_cs_pal; architecture behavior of los_cs_pal is signal set_reset,piclk_b,hold, grst,rser_din,oe_d: bit; signal loopb_d,oe, loopb_en,loopb_dis,sd_sample: bit; signal high :bit := '1';
s tandard p roduct pmc-sierra, inc. pm5945 -utp5 pmc-940202 issue 2. april 7, 1995 app_sapi_utp5 ______________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________ 31 begin proc1: process begin wait until (poclk0 = '1'); -- sample the sd input if ( sd = '1' ) then sd_sample <= '1'; else sd_sample <= '0'; end if; -- set rser low if loss of signal occurs if ( sd_sample = '1') then rser_din <= '1'; else rser_din <= '0'; end if; end process; proc2: process begin -- enable piclk if ( rser_din = '0' and sd_sample = '0' and rstb ='1' and set_reset = '0') then oe <= '1'; else oe <= '0'; end if; -- enable csb if ( csb = '0' and a8 = '0' ) then csbo <= '0'; else csbo <= '1'; end if; -- enable utopia id prom if ( csb = '0' and a8 = '1' and a7 = '1' and a6 = '1' and a5 = '1') then prom_enb <= '0'; else prom_enb <= '1'; end if;
s tandard p roduct pmc-sierra, inc. pm5945 -utp5 pmc-940202 issue 2. april 7, 1995 app_sapi_utp5 ______________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________ 32 -- set reset if rstb = '0' then set_reset <= '0'; elsif (a8 = '1' and a7 ='1' and a6 = '1' and a5 = '0' and d0 = '1' and csb = '0' and wrb = '0') then set_reset <= '1'; -- clear reset elsif (a8 = '1' and a7 ='1' and a6 = '1' and a5 = '0' and d0 = '0' and csb = '0' and wrb = '0') then set_reset <= '0'; end if; -- brstb if (rstb = '0' or set_reset ='1') then brstb <= '0'; elsif (rstb = '1' and set_reset = '0' ) then brstb <= '1'; end if; -- disable loopb if rstb = '0' or (a8 = '1' and a7 ='1' and a6 = '1' and a5 = '1' and d0 = '0' and csb = '0' and wrb = '0') or (a8 = '1' and a7 ='1' and a6 = '1' and a5 = '0' and d0 = '1' and csb = '0' and wrb = '0') then loopb_dis <= '1'; loopb_en <= '0'; -- enable loopb elsif (rstb = '1' and a8 = '1' and a7 ='1' and a6 = '1' and a5 = '1' and d0 = '1' and csb = '0' and wrb = '0') then loopb_en <= '1'; loopb_dis <= '0'; end if; end process; b1:bufoe port map (poclk1,oe,piclk,piclk_b); b2:buf port map (rser_din,rser); b3:srl port map (loopb_dis,loopb_en,loopb); end behavior;
s tandard p roduct pmc-sierra, inc. pm5945 -utp5 pmc-940202 issue 2. april 7, 1995 app_sapi_utp5 ______________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________ 33 design equations (06:44:11) these equations were extracted from the los_cs1.rpt report file. they can be used or the above vhdl code can be used to generate the proper .jed files. the los_cs1.jed files are available on request. /csbo = /csb * /a8 loopb = /loopb_en * loopb + loopb_dis * /loopb_en rser.d = sd_sample_beh_i1_0_dff.q rser.c = poclk0 /prom_enb = /csb * a8 * a7 * a6 * a5 brstb = rstb * /set_reset piclk = poclk1 piclk.oe = rstb * /set_reset * /sd_sample_beh_i1_0_dff.q * /rser.q sd_sample_beh_i1_0_dff.d = sd sd_sample_beh_i1_0_dff.c = poclk0 set_reset = rstb * /csb * a8 * a7 * a6 * /a5 * d0 * /wrb + rstb * wrb * set_reset + rstb * a5 * set_reset + rstb * /a6 * set_reset + rstb * /a7 * set_reset + rstb * /a8 * set_reset + rstb * csb * set_reset
s tandard p roduct pmc-sierra, inc. pm5945 -utp5 pmc-940202 issue 2. april 7, 1995 app_sapi_utp5 ______________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________ 34 loopb_en = rstb * /csb * a8 * a7 * a6 * a5 * d0 * /wrb + rstb * /a5 * /d0 * loopb_en + rstb * wrb * loopb_en + rstb * /a6 * loopb_en + rstb * /a7 * loopb_en + rstb * /a8 * loopb_en + rstb * csb * loopb_en /loopb_dis = rstb * /csb * a8 * a7 * a6 * a5 * d0 * /wrb + rstb * /a5 * /d0 * /loopb_dis + rstb * wrb * /loopb_dis + rstb * /a6 * /loopb_dis + rstb * /a7 * /loopb_dis + rstb * /a8 * /loopb_dis + rstb * csb * /loopb_dis
s tandard p roduct pmc-sierra, inc. pm5945 -utp5 pmc-940202 issue 2. april 7, 1995 app_sapi_utp5 ______________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________ 35 -- utopia interface pal u16 -- used to interface the vicksburg motherboard f-fred chip -- to the s/uni receive fifos use work.bv_math.all; -- necessary for inc_bv(); use work.rtlpkg.all; entity rx_pal is port (rxclk, resetb, rsoc, rca, rxenbb, low, paeb, pafb, ffb: in bit; rrdb, wclk, wen1b: out bit); attribute order_code of rx_pal:entity is "pal22v10d-10pc"; attribute part_name of rx_pal:entity is "c22v10"; attribute pin_numbers of rx_pal:entity is "rxclk:1 " & "paeb:5 " & "rxenbb:6 " & "rsoc:7 " & "rca:8 " & "pafb:9 " & "ffb:10 " & "resetb:11 " & "low:13 " & "rrdb:14 " & "wclk:21 " & "wen1b:23"; end rx_pal; architecture behavior of rx_pal is signal count:bit_vector(5 downto 0); signal rca_sample: bit; signal high :bit := '1'; signal wclk_d,wen1b_d,rrdb_d:bit; -- dummy bits begin proc1: process - - variable countenable: bit;
s tandard p roduct pmc-sierra, inc. pm5945 -utp5 pmc-940202 issue 2. april 7, 1995 app_sapi_utp5 ______________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________ 36 begin wait until (rxclk = '1'); -- reset if resetb = '0' then rca_sample <= '0'; count <= "111111"; -- set counter to 0 if rsoc goes high elsif ( rsoc = '1' ) then count <= "000000"; -- continue putting out data elsif rsoc = '0' and ffb ='1' and count /= "111111" and rca_sample = '1' then count <= inc_bv(count); -- increment bit vector end if; -- counter rolls over when count = 53 if count = "110011" and rsoc = '0' then count <= "111111"; end if; if rca = '1' then rca_sample <= '1'; else rca_sample <= '0'; end if; end process; proc2: process begin -- enable wen1b to fifo if ( ffb = '0' ) then wen1b_d <= '1'; else wen1b_d <= '0'; end if; -- enable rrdb to s/uni if ( (rca = '0' and count /= "110011") or resetb = '0' or wen1b_d ='1' or rxclk = '1') then rrdb <= '1';
s tandard p roduct pmc-sierra, inc. pm5945 -utp5 pmc-940202 issue 2. april 7, 1995 app_sapi_utp5 ______________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________ 37 elsif ( rca_sample = '1' and resetb = '1' and wen1b_d ='0' and rxclk = '0' ) then rrdb <= '0'; end if; -- enable wclk to fifo if ( wen1b_d = '1' and rxclk = '1' ) then wclk <= '1'; elsif ( wen1b_d = '1' and rxclk = '0' ) then wclk <= '0'; elsif ( (rca = '0' and count /= "110011") or resetb = '0' or rxclk = '1') then wclk <= '1'; elsif ( rca_sample = '1' and resetb = '1' and wen1b_d ='0' and rxclk = '0' ) then wclk <= '0'; end if; end process; b1:buf port map (wen1b_d,wen1b); end behavior;
s tandard p roduct pmc-sierra, inc. pm5945 -utp5 pmc-940202 issue 2. april 7, 1995 app_sapi_utp5 ______________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________ 38 design equations (13:27:08) these equations were extracted from the rx.rpt report file. they can be used or the above vhdl code can be used to generate the proper .jed files. the rx.jed files are available on request. /rrdb = ffb * /rxclk * resetb * count_0_.q * count_1_.q * /count_2_.q * /count_3_.q * count_4_.q * count_5_.q * rca_sample.q + ffb * /rxclk * resetb * /rrdb * count_0_.q * count_1_.q * /count_2_.q * /count_3_.q * count_4_.q * count_5_.q + ffb * /rxclk * rca * resetb * rca_sample.q + ffb * /rxclk * rca * resetb * /rrdb /wclk = /rxclk * resetb * count_0_.q * count_1_.q * /count_2_.q * /count_3_.q * count_4_.q * count_5_.q * rca_sample.q + /rxclk * resetb * count_0_.q * count_1_.q * /count_2_.q * /count_3_.q * count_4_.q * count_5_.q * /wclk + /rxclk * rca * resetb * rca_sample.q + /rxclk * rca * resetb * /wclk + /ffb * /rxclk wen1b = /ffb rca_sample.d = rca rca_sample.c = rxclk count_5_.d = ffb * count_0_.q * count_1_.q * count_2_.q * count_3_.q * count_4_.q * rca_sample.q * /rsoc + count_5_.q * /rsoc + /resetb count_5_.c = rxclk /count_4_.d = ffb * resetb * count_0_.q * count_1_.q * count_2_.q * count_3_.q * count_4_.q * /count_5_.q * rca_sample.q + resetb * /count_4_.q * /rca_sample.q
s tandard p roduct pmc-sierra, inc. pm5945 -utp5 pmc-940202 issue 2. april 7, 1995 app_sapi_utp5 ______________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________ 39 + resetb * /count_3_.q * /count_4_.q + resetb * /count_2_.q * /count_4_.q + resetb * /count_1_.q * /count_4_.q + resetb * /count_0_.q * /count_4_.q + /ffb * resetb * /count_4_.q + resetb * rsoc count_4_.c = rxclk count_3_.d = ffb * count_0_.q * count_1_.q * count_2_.q * /count_3_.q * rca_sample.q * /rsoc + count_0_.q * count_1_.q * /count_2_.q * count_4_.q * count_5_.q * /rsoc + count_3_.q * count_4_.q * count_5_.q * /rsoc + /count_2_.q * count_3_.q * /rsoc + /count_1_.q * count_3_.q * /rsoc + /count_0_.q * count_3_.q * /rsoc + count_3_.q * /rca_sample.q * /rsoc + /ffb * count_3_.q * /rsoc + /resetb count_3_.c = rxclk count_2_.d = count_0_.q * count_1_.q * /count_2_.q * /count_3_.q * count_4_.q * count_5_.q * /rsoc + ffb * count_0_.q * count_1_.q * /count_2_.q * rca_sample.q * /rsoc + count_2_.q * count_3_.q * count_4_.q * count_5_.q * /rsoc + count_2_.q * /rca_sample.q * /rsoc + /ffb * count_2_.q * /rsoc + /count_1_.q * count_2_.q * /rsoc + /count_0_.q * count_2_.q * /rsoc + /resetb count_2_.c = rxclk count_1_.d = count_1_.q * /count_2_.q * /count_3_.q * count_4_.q * count_5_.q * /rsoc + count_1_.q * count_2_.q * count_3_.q * count_4_.q * count_5_.q *
s tandard p roduct pmc-sierra, inc. pm5945 -utp5 pmc-940202 issue 2. april 7, 1995 app_sapi_utp5 ______________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________ 40 /rsoc + ffb * count_0_.q * /count_1_.q * rca_sample.q * /rsoc + count_1_.q * /rca_sample.q * /rsoc + /ffb * count_1_.q * /rsoc + /count_0_.q * count_1_.q * /rsoc + /resetb count_1_.c = rxclk count_0_.d = count_0_.q * count_1_.q * /count_2_.q * /count_3_.q * count_4_.q * count_5_.q * /rsoc + count_0_.q * count_1_.q * count_2_.q * count_3_.q * count_4_.q * count_5_.q * /rsoc + ffb * /count_0_.q * rca_sample.q * /rsoc + count_0_.q * /rca_sample.q * /rsoc + /ffb * count_0_.q * /rsoc + /resetb count_0_.c = rxclk
s tandard p roduct pmc-sierra, inc. pm5945 -utp5 pmc-940202 issue 2. april 7, 1995 app_sapi_utp5 ______________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________ 41 -- utopia interface pal u17 -- used to interface the vicksburg motherboard f-fred chip -- to the s/uni transmit fifos use work.bv_math.all; -- necessary for inc_bv(); use work.rtlpkg.all; entity tx_pal is port (txclk, resetb, tsoc, tca, txenbb, low, txclavb: in bit; twrb, bufclk, tsoc_out, txfullb: out bit); attribute order_code of tx_pal:entity is "pal22v10d-10pc"; attribute part_name of tx_pal:entity is "c22v10"; attribute pin_numbers of tx_pal:entity is "txclk:1 " & "txenbb:3 " & "txclavb:6 " & "tsoc:7 " & "tca:9 " & "resetb:11 " & "low:13 " & "twrb:15 " & "bufclk:22 " & "txfullb:23"; end tx_pal; architecture behavior of tx_pal is signal counttemp: bit_vector(5 downto 0); signal txenbb_sample,twrb_en: bit; begin proc1: process - - variable countenable: bit; begin wait until (txclk = '1'); -- sample txenbb if (txenbb = '1' or txclavb = '1' ) and counttemp = "111111" then txenbb_sample <= '1'; else
s tandard p roduct pmc-sierra, inc. pm5945 -utp5 pmc-940202 issue 2. april 7, 1995 app_sapi_utp5 ______________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________ 42 txenbb_sample <= '0'; end if; -- resetb = 0 if resetb = '0' then counttemp <= "111111"; txenbb_sample <= '1'; -- set counter to 0 if tsoc goes high and txenbb is low elsif ( tsoc = '1' and txenbb_sample = '0') then counttemp <= "000000"; -- put out only the first byte of data if txclavb is active (0) elsif txclavb = '0' and counttemp /= "111111" and tca = '1' and txenbb_sample = '0' then counttemp <= inc_bv(counttemp); end if; -- counter rolls over when count = 53 if counttemp = "110100" then counttemp <= "111111"; end if; end process; proc2: process begin if (counttemp = "110010" or counttemp = "110011" or counttemp = "110100" or counttemp = "110100" or resetb = '0' or tca = '0' ) then txfullb <= '0'; else txfullb <= '1'; end if; -- enable twrb for the rest of the cell if (tca = '1' and tsoc = '0' and resetb = '1' and counttemp /= "111111" and txenbb_sample ='0') then twrb_en <= '1'; else twrb_en <= '0'; end if; if txclk = '0' and twrb_en = '1' then twrb <= '0'; else twrb <= '1';
s tandard p roduct pmc-sierra, inc. pm5945 -utp5 pmc-940202 issue 2. april 7, 1995 app_sapi_utp5 ______________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________ 43 end if; if txclk = '0' then bufclk <= '1'; else bufclk <= '0'; end if; end process; end behavior;
s tandard p roduct pmc-sierra, inc. pm5945 -utp5 pmc-940202 issue 2. april 7, 1995 app_sapi_utp5 ______________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________ 44 design equations (19:56:20) these equations were extracted from the tx.rpt report file. they can be used or the above vhdl code can be used to generate the proper .jed files. the tx.jed files are available on request. twrb = counttemp_0_.q * counttemp_1_.q * counttemp_2_.q * counttemp_3_.q * counttemp_4_.q * counttemp_5_.q + txenbb_sample.q + txclk + tsoc + /tca + /resetb bufclk = /txclk /txfullb = /counttemp_0_.q * /counttemp_1_.q * counttemp_2_.q * /counttemp_3_.q * counttemp_4_.q * counttemp_5_.q + counttemp_1_.q * /counttemp_2_.q * /counttemp_3_.q * counttemp_4_.q * counttemp_5_.q + /tca + /resetb counttemp_5_.d = tca * /tsoc * counttemp_0_.q * counttemp_1_.q * counttemp_2_.q * counttemp_3_.q * counttemp_4_.q * /txenbb_sample.q * /txclavb + /counttemp_0_.q * /counttemp_1_.q * counttemp_2_.q * /counttemp_3_.q * counttemp_4_.q * counttemp_5_.q + /tsoc * counttemp_5_.q + counttemp_5_.q * txenbb_sample.q + /resetb counttemp_5_.c = txclk counttemp_4_.d = tca * /tsoc * counttemp_0_.q * counttemp_1_.q * counttemp_2_.q * counttemp_3_.q * /counttemp_4_.q * /txenbb_sample.q * /txclavb + /counttemp_0_.q * /counttemp_1_.q * counttemp_2_.q * /counttemp_3_.q * counttemp_4_.q * counttemp_5_.q + /tsoc * counttemp_4_.q * counttemp_5_.q + /tsoc * /counttemp_3_.q * counttemp_4_.q + /tsoc * /counttemp_1_.q * counttemp_4_.q
s tandard p roduct pmc-sierra, inc. pm5945 -utp5 pmc-940202 issue 2. april 7, 1995 app_sapi_utp5 ______________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________ 45 + /tsoc * /counttemp_0_.q * counttemp_4_.q + /tsoc * /counttemp_2_.q * counttemp_4_.q + /tsoc * counttemp_4_.q * txclavb + /tca * /tsoc * counttemp_4_.q + counttemp_4_.q * txenbb_sample.q + /resetb counttemp_4_.c = txclk counttemp_3_.d = tca * /tsoc * counttemp_0_.q * counttemp_1_.q * counttemp_2_.q * /counttemp_3_.q * /txenbb_sample.q * /txclavb + /counttemp_0_.q * /counttemp_1_.q * counttemp_2_.q * /counttemp_3_.q * counttemp_4_.q * counttemp_5_.q + /tsoc * counttemp_3_.q * counttemp_4_.q * counttemp_5_.q + /tsoc * /counttemp_2_.q * counttemp_3_.q + /tsoc * /counttemp_1_.q * counttemp_3_.q + /tsoc * /counttemp_0_.q * counttemp_3_.q + /tsoc * counttemp_3_.q * txclavb + /tca * /tsoc * counttemp_3_.q + counttemp_3_.q * txenbb_sample.q + /resetb counttemp_3_.c = txclk counttemp_2_.d = tca * /tsoc * counttemp_0_.q * counttemp_1_.q * /counttemp_2_.q * /txenbb_sample.q * /txclavb + /counttemp_0_.q * /counttemp_1_.q * counttemp_2_.q * /counttemp_3_.q * counttemp_4_.q * counttemp_5_.q + /tsoc * counttemp_2_.q * counttemp_3_.q * counttemp_4_.q * counttemp_5_.q + /tsoc * /counttemp_1_.q * counttemp_2_.q + /tsoc * /counttemp_0_.q * counttemp_2_.q + /tsoc * counttemp_2_.q * txclavb + /tca * /tsoc * counttemp_2_.q + counttemp_2_.q * txenbb_sample.q + /resetb counttemp_2_.c = txclk counttemp_1_.d =
s tandard p roduct pmc-sierra, inc. pm5945 -utp5 pmc-940202 issue 2. april 7, 1995 app_sapi_utp5 ______________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________ 46 /tsoc * counttemp_1_.q * counttemp_2_.q * counttemp_3_.q * counttemp_4_.q * counttemp_5_.q + tca * /tsoc * counttemp_0_.q * /counttemp_1_.q * /txenbb_sample.q * /txclavb + /counttemp_0_.q * /counttemp_1_.q * counttemp_2_.q * /counttemp_3_.q * counttemp_4_.q * counttemp_5_.q + /tsoc * /counttemp_0_.q * counttemp_1_.q + /tsoc * counttemp_1_.q * txclavb + /tca * /tsoc * counttemp_1_.q + counttemp_1_.q * txenbb_sample.q + /resetb counttemp_1_.c = txclk counttemp_0_.d = /tsoc * counttemp_0_.q * counttemp_1_.q * counttemp_2_.q * counttemp_3_.q * counttemp_4_.q * counttemp_5_.q + /counttemp_0_.q * /counttemp_1_.q * counttemp_2_.q * /counttemp_3_.q * counttemp_4_.q * counttemp_5_.q + tca * /tsoc * /counttemp_0_.q * /txenbb_sample.q * /txclavb + /tsoc * counttemp_0_.q * txclavb + /tca * /tsoc * counttemp_0_.q + counttemp_0_.q * txenbb_sample.q + /resetb counttemp_0_.c = txclk txenbb_sample.d = counttemp_0_.q * counttemp_1_.q * counttemp_2_.q * counttemp_3_.q * counttemp_4_.q * counttemp_5_.q * txclavb + counttemp_0_.q * counttemp_1_.q * counttemp_2_.q * counttemp_3_.q * counttemp_4_.q * counttemp_5_.q * txenbb + /resetb txenbb_sample.c = txclk
s tandard p roduct pmc-sierra, inc. pm5945 -utp5 pmc-940202 issue 2. april 7, 1995 app_sapi_utp5 ______________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________ 47 appendix b: mechanical drawings .195 .495 2.395 1.100 .820 .220 5.900 0.337 2.995 0.220 .950 .680 .650 .449 hole diameter .140 x 4 .170 .050 x 45 2 plcs unit: inches .710 .310 .400 .520 .100 .530 .128 x 2 .580 sapi-utp5 mechanical drawing .780 figure 7: sapi_utp5 drawing a mp 103911-8 edge connector note: 100 pin, 100 position .100 .050 .010 .217 .100 .26 0 .437 .10 0 figure 8: edge connector mechanical drawing
s tandard p roduct pmc-sierra, inc. pm5945 -utp5 pmc-940202 issue 2. april 7, 1995 app_sapi_utp5 ______________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________ 48 appendix c: material list item qty reference description 1 1 e1 19.44 mhz 10ppm dip osc, .5" case, pecl levels, connor-winfield eclfp5q-19.44 2 1 u10 saturn user network interface, 160 qfp, 0.025" pitch pmc-sierra pm5345-rc 3 1 u2 sonet/sdh serial transceiver, clock and data recovery, 24-pin soic, cypress cy7b951 5 3 u12, u16, u17 cmos pals, 10ns prop, 28-pin plcc, cypress, palc22v10d-10jc 6 2 u18, u19 cmos bus interface register, 10 bit, 24-pin soic j- bend, idt74fct821y 7 1 u1 parallel synchronous fifo, 1024x9 bit, 20 mhz, 32- pin plcc, idt72221l20j for plcc 9 1 u4 octal 3-state inverting buffer, 20-pin soic, motorola 74hct240dw 10 1 u11 32x8 rom, 16pin dip, amd am27s19, or equivalent dip rom 11 1 u22 twisted pair fddi transceiver device (twister), 28 pin plcc, national semiconductor dp83223 12 1 u21 high frequency transformer 1:1 turns ratio with common mode choke, 16 pin soic, valor electronics st6021 13 1 u20 high frequency transformer 1:1.4 turns ratio with common mode choke, 16 pin soic valor electronics st6023 14 1 j1 edge connector, 100 pin, 100 position, 0.050" pitch, amp 103911-8 15 1 j2 rj45 modular jack, 8 pin 8 position, smt, amp 555248-1 16 6 l3, l4, l5, l6, l7, l8 ferrite beads, 0.2", smt, fair-rite #2743019446 17 1 d1 led, yellow, hp-hlmp-1400, style 010, 0.1" spacing, right angle 18 1 d2 led, green, hp-hlmp-1503, style 010, 0.1" spacing, right angle 19 6 c45, c46, c47, c48, c49, c50 capacitors, 100 pf ceramic 50v, surface mount 805
s tandard p roduct pmc-sierra, inc. pm5945 -utp5 pmc-940202 issue 2. april 7, 1995 app_sapi_utp5 ______________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________ 49 22 28 c1, c2, c3, c4, c5, c7, c11, c13, c16, c17, c19, c28, c29, c30, c31, c32, c33, c34, c36, c37, c40, c41, c42, c44, c53, c54, c55, c56 capacitors, 0.1 uf ceramic, 50v, 1206 23 4 c21, c22, c51, c52 capacitors, 10uf solid tantalum 25v, radial leads, 0.1" spacing 24 1 c25 capacitor, 100uf electrolytic 25v, radial leads, 0.1" spacing 25 8 r45, r46, r47, r48, r49, r50, r51, r52 resistors , 50 ohm, mf 1%, 1/8 watt, type 805 smt 26 2 r53, r54 resistors, 75 ohm, 1/8 watt, mf 1%, type 805 smt 27 2 r19, r21 resistors, 75 ohm, 1/8 watt, mf 1%, type 1206 smt 28 2 r10, r11 resistors, 121 ohm, 1/8 watt, mf 1%, type 1206 smt 29 4 r22, r35, r36, r37 resistors, 200 ohm, 1/8 watt, mf 1%, type 805 smt 30 3 r30, r43, r44 resistors, 200 ohm, 1/8 watt, mf 1%, type 1206 smt 31 13 r1, r2, r3, r4, r5, r6, r23, r24, r28, r29, r38, r39, r41 resistors, 332 ohm, 1/8 watt, mf 1%, type 1206 smt 32 2 r12, r13 resistors, 619 ohm, 1/8 watt, mf 1%, type 1206 smt 33 1 r42 resistors, 1.02k ohm, 1/8 watt, mf 1%, type 1206 smt 34 2 r14, r15 resistors, 1.21k ohm, 1/8 watt, mf 1%, type 1206 smt 35 1 r34 resistors, 1.27k ohm, 1/8 watt, mf 1%, type 1206 smt 36 1 r33 resistors, 3.32k ohm, 1/8 watt, mf 1%, type 1206 smt
s tandard p roduct pmc-sierra, inc. pm5945 -utp5 pmc-940202 issue 2. april 7, 1995 app_sapi_utp5 ______________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________ 50 37 8 r16, r17, r18, r20, r31, r32, r40, r55 resistors, 4.75k ohm, 1/8 watt, mf 1%, type 1206 smt
s tandard p roduct pmc-sierra, inc. pm5945 -utp5 pmc-940202 issue 2. april 7, 1995 app_sapi_utp5 ______________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________ 51 appendix d: component placement

s tandard p roduct pmc-sierra, inc. pm5945 -utp5 pmc-940202 issue 2. april 7, 1995 app_sapi_utp5 ______________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________ 52 appendix e: schematics

s tandard p roduct pmc-sierra, inc. pm5945 -utp5 pmc-940202 issue 2. april 7, 1995 app_sapi_utp5 ______________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________ 53 appendix f: layout notes background the sapi_utp5 board is a 4-layer board that has both throughole and surfacemount components with the number of surfacemount component being dominant. protel? autotrax version 2.0 for dos is used to layout the board. the schematics is done using orcad. trace impedance control to reduce signal degradation due to reflection and radiation, the impedance of the traces that carry high speed signals such as transmitted and received data should be treated as transmission lines and terminated with matching impedance. since the utp5 cables have a characteristic impedance of 50 ohms, the traces connecting the rj45 connector and line side of both the tx and rx transformer should be 100 ohms. the traces between the drop side of the tx transformer (u21) and the twister (u22) should also be 100 ohms as the line side impedance is also reflect to the drop side of the tx transformer. the rx transformer is a 1:1.4 step up transformer. the line impedance seen by the dropside is thus 1.4 2 x 50 ohm = 100 ohm. therefore 100 ohm transmission lines are used. all other high speed differential signals also use 100 ohm transmission lines. rj45 tx 1:1 1:1.4 twister 100 ohm transmission line 50 ohm transmission line rx line side drop side the low speed signals use 8 to 10 mil traces. power and ground traces are all as wide as the pads they connect to, up to a maximum width of 24 mil. the traces are modeled as microstrip transmission lines. the calculation of the trace width is calculated using the formula
s tandard p roduct pmc-sierra, inc. pm5945 -utp5 pmc-940202 issue 2. april 7, 1995 app_sapi_utp5 ______________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________ 54 z o = 87 e r +1.41 ln 5. 98 h 0.8 w+t ? ? ? and based on the following layer setup: dielectric dielectric dielectric 1 oz copper 1 oz copper 1 oz copper 1 oz copper t t h 1 h 2 h 3 t ground plane power plane w e r e r e r where e r = relative dielectric constant, nominally 5.0 for g -10 fibre - glass epoxy t = thickness of the copper, fixed according to the weight of copper selected. for 1 oz copper, the thickness is 1.4 mil. this thickness can be ignored if w is great enough. h1, h2, h3 = thickness of dielectric. w = width of copper the parameters h1, h2, and h3 can be specified. for example, if a 20 mil (including the copper thickness on both sides of the board) two layer core is selected, dielectric material that has the same relative dielectric constant can be added to the both sides of the core to construct a 4 layer board. since all the controlled impedance traces are on the component side, only h1 is relevant in calculating the trace width. the calculation for the reference design is shown in the table below: note: the relative dielectric constant is specified to be between 4.8 and 5.4. parameter data e r 4.8 5.4 4.8 5.4 h (mil) 62 62 62 62
s tandard p roduct pmc-sierra, inc. pm5945 -utp5 pmc-940202 issue 2. april 7, 1995 app_sapi_utp5 ______________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________ 55 t (mil) 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 zo (ohm) 50 50 100 100 w (mil) 108.9 101.6 24.7 21.3 the value of the parameter h1 is chosen to be 62 mil. since h1 is directly proportional to the width of the traces, a small h1 will result in the 100 ohm traces being too thin to be accurately fabricated. wider traces can be more precisely manufactured, but they take up too much board space. therefore, the thickness of the board should be chosen so that the traces take up as little board space as possible yet still leaving enough margin to allow accurate fabrication. in the layout enclosed, the width of the 100 ohm traces is 24 mil and that of the 50 ohm traces is 104 mil. routing routing is based on the design considerations as well as manufacturability. several suggestions are listed below: turns and corners should be rounded to curves to avoid discontinuity in the signal path. allow at least 10 mil clearance among vias, traces, and pads to prevent short and reduce crosstalk. if possible, allow 20 mil or more clearance around vias as manufacturers may have minimum clearance requirements. for the traces that runs between pads of the 100 pin edge connector, clearance of 6 mil and trace width of 8 mil can be used. however, the number and lengths such traces should be kept to a minimum. the differential signal pairs should be of equal length so that both signals arrive at the inputs at the same time. they should also run parallel and close to one another for as long as possible so that noise will couple onto both lines and become common mode noise which is ignored by the differential inputs. even though single ended inputs should not run parallel to one another in close proximity, since all of the single ended signals that run parallel to one another on the utopia interface side are low speed signals and are sampled after they have all settled down, they should not cause any concern. all power and ground traces should be made as wide as possible, up to 24 mil to provide low impedance paths for the supply current as well as to allow quick noise dissipation.
s tandard p roduct pmc-sierra, inc. pm5945 -utp5 pmc-940202 issue 2. april 7, 1995 app_sapi_utp5 ______________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________ 56 the oscillator used is a 14 pin dip package. the connections to the oscillator is setup so that an oscillator with a smaller footprint (8 pin) can also be plugged in to save board space. power, ground, and decoupling capacitors only one supply voltage, nominally +5 volts, is used by all devices on the board and referenced to by all pecl signals. one solid ground plane is also used. ferrite beads are deployed to prevent digital noise from entering analog circuits of both the s/uni and the twister devices. bypass capacitors can supply transient current and help filter out power and ground noise. they are placed as close to the pins as possible. minimum of one 0.1 uf bypass capacitor per device is used. wherever possible, one 0.1 uf bypass capacitor is placed at each power pin of each ic. for high speed ic's, such as the cy7b951, an additional 0.01 uf bypass capacitor is added to each power pin. a 10 uf electrolytic bypass capacitor is also deployed by the s/uni, the oscillator, and the cy7b951 devices. a large electrolytic bypass capacitor (47 to 100 uf) should be placed as near the power supply as possible. special power and ground requirements of cy7b951 a special power plane is provided on the component side for the cypress cy7b951 device. the power plane under the ic provides a low impedance path connecting pin 6, 17, and 19.
s tandard p roduct pmc-sierra, inc. pm5945 -utp5 pmc-940202 issue 2. april 7, 1995 app_sapi_utp5 ______________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________ 57 17 19 6 1 vcc 0.1 uf 0.1 uf 0.1 uf 0.1 uf 0.01 uf 0.01 uf = via connected to vcc power plane and decoupling of cy7b951 pin 6 of the cy7b951 provides current for all output pins and is internally connected to pin 17 and 19. its voltage fluctuates as the outputs switch. when the voltage difference between pin 6 and pins 17 and 19 will be amplified, causing the voltage fluctuation on pin 6 to increase. when the voltage at pin 6 fluctuates, the outputs it drives will start to draw more current which causes the voltage on pin 6 to fluctuate further. testing has shown this fluctuation can reach 2 v p-p. the low impedance power plane puts pin 6, 17, and 19 at the same voltage level so that if pin 6 fluctuates due to outputs switching, pin 17 and 19 will follow, preventing any voltage difference between them. mounting hole clearance requirements the following clearances are required in order for the board to be mounted onto the vicksburg motherboard: on the component side, each mounting hole should have 0.25"x0.25" square clearance centered at the center of the mounting hole.
s tandard p roduct pmc-sierra, inc. pm5945 -utp5 pmc-940202 issue 2. april 7, 1995 app_sapi_utp5 ______________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________ 58 component side 0.25 0.25 one the solder side, each of the three mounting holes for the vicksburg motherboard has a rectangular clearance. the clearance of the mounting hole for the bracket is also outlined in the following diagram. 0.2 0.2 0.2 solder side 0.25 unit: inch 0.25 0.65 misc following suggestions may be useful: due to the high speed of the signals, ground leads of probe scopes should be kept as short as possible. to aid signal probing, all ground and power vias should be marked in some consistent fashion. all surfacemount capacitors are ceramic. rf rated capacitors are not essential. label the positive terminals of polarized capacitors such as tantalum capacitors.
s tandard p roduct pmc-sierra, inc. pm5945 -utp5 pmc-940202 issue 2. april 7, 1995 app_sapi_utp5 ______________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________ 59 appendix g: layout

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